KOTI 한국교통연구원

1. 연구의 개요

물류시장에는 영세한 중소사업자가 많고 경영상황도 열악한 탓에 결과적으로 물류산업 전체의 경쟁력이 저하 내지 답보상태에 있다는 지적이 빈번하다. 거래의 복잡성과 그로 인한 불공정성이 근본적으로 내재되어 있어 계약과 거래에서 하청의 위치에 있는 중소물류사업자가 자생력을 확보하기 어려운 구조인 것이다.

최근 유통업의 비약적 발전은 택배 등 생활물류서비스를 중심으로 물류업의 대형화를 촉진시켜 시장에서 대형물류기업의 영향력도 증가하고 있다. 그럼에도 복잡하고 불투명한 거래구조는 수십 년 전에 비해 큰 변화나 개선이 없어 영세 물류사업자의 역할 축소와 자생력 저하가 지속되고 있다. 2003년 물류대란 이후 물류시장에서 영세사업자의 반발과 이해주체 간 갈등이 꾸준히 발생하고 있는 배경이다. 시장 내 갈등 증가는 전형적인 양극화 현상이라는 점에서 우려할만한 상황인 것이다. 더욱이 물류산업은 4차 산업혁명의 가속화로 새로운 물류산업생태계의 발전적 모색이 필요한 시점이다. 본 연구의 목적을 물류산업 양극화수준의 분석결과 제공과 분석결과에 기초한 종합적 정책방안 제시로 설정한 이유다.

본 연구는 갈등이 높고 영세사업자가 많음에도 물류산업에 있어서의 첫 번째 양극화연구라는 점에서 물류산업양극화의 개념정립, 물류산업의 시장구조적 특징분석, 양극화측정방법의 이론고찰, 분석방법 및 절차 수립 등의 체계적 과정을 거쳐 물류산업양극화의 수준분석 결과를 심도 있게 제시하였다. 그에 못지않게 물류산업생태계 발전정책이 시급하다는 점에서 양극화수준 분석에 기초하여 정책적 시사점, 양극화심화 메커니즘, 정책의 기본방향 설정 등의 과정을 거쳐 7대 정책 핵심과제를 수립하는 한편 세부추진방안과 함께 추진로드맵을 제시하였다.

제1장 서 론 ·······················································································1
제1절 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ·······················································1
제2절 연구의 범위 및 방법 ···························································2
제3절 선행연구 고찰 및 본 연구의 차별성 ·································5
제2장 양극화 개념과 물류산업생태계 ················································7
제1절 양극화 개념과 사회·경제적 의미 ·······································7
제2절 양극화수준의 측정방법 ·····················································15
제3절 물류부문 산업생태계의 특징과 양극화 개념정립 ···········23
제3장 물류산업 양극화수준 분석 ····················································51
제1절 분석방법 ·············································································51
제2절 물류산업 양극화지수 분석 ················································55
제3절 물류산업의 생산성 및 수익성 격차 분석 ························82
제4절 분석결과 종합 및 정책적 시사점 ··································111
제4장 물류산업생태계 발전방안 ····················································124
제1절 정책방향 설정 및 핵심과제 도출 ··································124
제2절 핵심과제별 추진방안 ···················································132
제3절 추진계획 ···········································································151
제5장 결론 및 정책 제언 ······························································156
제1절 결론 ··················································································156
제2절 정책 제언 ·········································································158
참고문헌 ··························································································160